查看“︁乙腈性质表”︁的源代码

[[乙腈]]的一些性质如下所述。

==基本信息==
*中文名：乙{{Ruby|腈|jīng}}
*化学式：CH<sub>3</sub>CN（或写作MeCN）
*CAS号：[[75-05-8]]
*英文名：Acetonitrile
*外观：无色液体

== 结构与性质 ==

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | 结构与性质
|-
| [[折射率]], ''n''<sub>D</sub>
| 1.344 at 20.0°C <ref name="Sigma-Aldrich">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/chemistry/solvents/acetonitrile-center.html|title=Sigma Aldrich Solvent Center|accessdate=22 May 2014|4=|archive-date=2017-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019110737/http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/chemistry/solvents/acetonitrile-center.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> <!-- Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[阿贝数]]
|? <!-- Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[介电常数]], ε<sub>r</sub>
| 36.64 ε<sub>0</sub> at 20 °C <ref name="Sigma-Aldrich">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/chemistry/solvents/acetonitrile-center.html|title=Sigma Aldrich Solvent Center|accessdate=22 May 2014|<!--DASHBot-->}}</ref><!-- <p>&epsilon;/&epsilon;<sub>0</sub> = 37.5 - 16(T - 20°C)<p align="center><p>15°C - 25°C -->
|-
|-
| [[键偶极矩]], 
| 3.84 D
|-
| [[键强度]]
| ? <!-- Specify which bond. Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[键长]]
| ? <!-- Specify which bond. Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[键角]]
| ? <!-- Specify which angle, e.g. Cl-P-O. Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[磁化率]]
| ? <!-- Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[黏度]]<ref name="cheric_p">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcprop/cmpsrch.php|title=Pure Component Properties|format=Queriable database|publisher=Chemical Engineering Research Information Center|accessdate=15 May 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070603180431/http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcprop/cmpsrch.php|archivedate=2007-06-03|deadurl=no}}</ref>
| 0.441 mPa·s at 0°C<br>0.343 mPa·s at 25°C
|-
| [[表面张力]]<ref name="cheric_p"/>
| 29.29 dyn/cm
|-
|}

== 热力学性质 ==

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | 相性质
|-
| [[三相点]]<ref>Vapor Pressures of Acetonitrile Determined by Comparative Ebulliometry, Michael B. Ewing* and Jesus C. Sanchez Ochoa, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2004 49 (3), 486-491</ref>
| 229.32 K (–43.83 °C), 167 Pa
|-
| [[臨界點 (熱力學)|临界点]]
| 545 K (272 °C), 4.87 MPa
|-
| [[熔化热|标准熔化焓变]], Δ<sub>fus</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 8.167 kJ/mol (crystal I → liq)
|-
| 标准熔化熵变, Δ<sub>fus</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 35.61 J/(mol·K) (crystal I → liq)
|-
| 标准汽化焓变, Δ<sub>vap</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 33.225 kJ/mol at 25°C<br>29.75 at 81.6°C (BP)
|-
| 标准汽化熵变, Δ<sub>vap</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 111.44 J/(mol·K) at 25°C
|-
! {{chembox header}} | 固体性质
|-
| [[标准摩尔生成焓]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>solid</sub>
| ? kJ/mol at 25°C
|-
| [[标准摩尔熵]],<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>solid</sub>
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
| [[热容量]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| 92.36 J/(mol K)at 298.15 K
|-
| 标准相变焓变, Δ<sub>trs</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 0.8979 kJ/mol at –56.2°C<br>(crystal II → crystal I)
|-
| 标准相变熵变<!-- 原文为： Standard entropy change of transition -->, Δ<sub>trs</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 4.14 J/(mol·K) at –56.2°<br>(crystal II → crystal I)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | 液体性质
|-
| [[标准摩尔生成焓]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>liquid</sub>
| –40.56 kJ/mol
|-
| [[标准摩尔熵]],<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>liquid</sub>
| 149.62 J/(mol K)
|-
| [[燃烧热]], Δ<sub>c</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| –1256.33 kJ/mol
|-
| [[热容量]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| 91.7 J/(mol K) at 25°C
|-
! {{chembox header}} | 气体性质
|-
| [[标准摩尔生成焓]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub>
| –74.04 kJ/mol
|-
| [[标准摩尔熵]],<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub>
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
| [[燃烧热]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
|}

==液体蒸汽压==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| {{chembox header}} | '''压力（mmHg）''' || 1 || 10 || 40 || 100 || 400 || 760
|-
| {{chembox header}} | '''温度（°C）''' || –47.0<sub>(s)</sub> || –16.3 || 7.7 || 27.0 || 62.5 || 81.8
|}

Table data obtained from ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', 44th ed. The "(s)" notation indicates temperature of solid/vapor equilibrium. Otherwise the data is temperature of liquid/vapor equilibrium.

[[Image:LogAcetonitrileVaporPressure.png|thumb|808px|left|'''log<sub>10</sub> of Acetonitrile vapor pressure.''' Uses formula <math>\scriptstyle \log_e P_{mmHg} =</math><math>\scriptstyle \log_e (\frac {760} {101.325}) - 3.881710 \log_e(T+273.15) - \frac {4999.618} {T+273.15} + 41.05901 + 3.515956 \times 10^{-06} (T+273.15)^2</math> obtained from CHERIC<ref name="cheric_p"/>]]{{Clear}}

==蒸馏数据==
{|
|- valign="top"
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align="center" colspan="3" | '''Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Acetonitrile/Water'''<ref name="cheric">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcvle/hcvle.php|title=Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data|publisher=Chemical Engineering Research Information Center|format=Queriable database|accessdate=15 May 2007|archive-date=2007-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829144547/http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcvle/hcvle.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br>''P'' = 760 mmHg
|- {{chembox header}}
! rowspan="2" | 沸点（°C）
! colspan="2" | 乙腈摩尔百分数
|- {{chembox header}}
!液相!! 气相
|-
| 86.5 || 2.9 || 26.3
|-
| 81.1 || 9.3 || 50.5
|-
| 80.0 || 14.2 || 55.9
|-
| 78.6 || 25.4 || 61.7
|-
| 77.4 || 40.2 || 65.5
|-
| 76.7 || 50.7 || 66.4
|-
| 76.6 || 52.7 || 67.3
|-
| 76.0 || 71.8 || 72.8
|-
| 76.6 || 83.9 || 78.0
|-
| 76.8 || 85.6 || 76.1
|-
| 80.4 || 98.6 || 94.5
|-
|}
| &nbsp; &nbsp;
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align="center" colspan="3" | '''Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Acetonitrile/[[Methanol]]'''<ref name="cheric"/><br>''P'' = 760 mmHg
|- {{chembox header}}
! rowspan="2" | 沸点（°C）
! colspan="2" | 甲醇摩尔百分数
|- {{chembox header}}
! 液相!! 气相
|-
| 79.20 || 2.5 || 9.5
|-
| 77.95 || 4.0 || 13.5
|-
| 76.77 || 5.5 || 17.5
|-
| 75.12 || 9.7 || 26.5
|-
| 73.12 || 14.0 || 33.0
|-
| 72.07 || 17.0 || 37.5
|-
| 70.96 || 20.0 || 420
|-
| 68.85 || 24.7 || 45.5
|-
| 68.39 || 28.9 || 50.5
|-
| 66.00 || 41.5 || 59.5
|-
| 65.35 || 47.0 || 62.5
|-
| 64.75 || 54.5 || 65.5
|-
| 64.34 || 63.0 || 71.5
|-
| 64.03 || 69.0 || 74.5
|-
| 63.80 || 74.5 || 78.9
|-
| 63.77 || 82.5 || 82.5
|-
| 63.76 || 86.0 || 86.0
|-
| 63.87 || 90.0 || 88.0
|-
| 64.05 || 93.0 || 91.5
|-
| 64.18 || 95.0 || 93.0
|-
| 64.40 || 97.0 || 95.5
|-
|}
| &nbsp; &nbsp;
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align="center" colspan="3" | '''Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Acetonitrile/[[Benzene]]'''<ref name="cheric"/><br>''P'' = 760 mmHg
|- {{chembox header}}
! rowspan="2" | 沸点（°C）
! colspan="2" | 苯摩尔百分数
|- {{chembox header}}
! 液相 !! 气相
|-
| 80.6 || 2.0 || 4.8
|-
| 80.4 || 2.7 || 6.2
|-
| 79.0 || 5.6 || 12.5
|-
| 78.5 || 6.5 || 14.7
|-
| 78.0 || 7.7 || 16.5
|-
| 76.0 || 17.6 || 29.3
|-
| 74.9 || 24.2 || 35.5
|-
| 74.4 || 29.9 || 39.3
|-
| 73.8 || 37.1 || 43.8
|-
| 73.7 || 38.0 || 44.9
|-
| 73.4 || 44.0 || 48.5
|-
| 73.2 || 51.3 || 51.9
|-
| 73.0 || 52.94 || 52.94
|-
| 73.2 || 58.1 || 54.5
|-
| 73.4 || 66.5 || 60.0
|-
| 73.8 || 71.3 || 62.6
|-
| 74.0 || 76.7 || 65.7
|-
| 74.4 || 79.0 || 68.0
|-
| 76.3 || 92.0 || 80.1
|-
|}
| &nbsp; &nbsp;
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align="center" colspan="3" | '''Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Acetonitrile/[[Toluene]]'''<ref name="cheric"/><br>''P'' = 760 mmHg
|- {{chembox header}}
! rowspan="2" | 沸点（°C）
! colspan="2" | 甲苯摩尔百分数
|- {{chembox header}}
! 液相 !! 气相
|-
| 81.5 || 3.3 || 5.1
|-
| 81.4 || 6.9 || 8.1
|-
| 81.1 || 12.18 || 12.18
|-
| 81.3 || 18.2 || 15.4
|-
| 81.4 || 22.1 || 17.2
|-
| 81.8 || 28.4 || 19.5
|-
| 82.7 || 37.5 || 23.0
|-
| 84.4 || 53.3 || 28.4
|-
| 85.6 || 60.5 || 31.5
|-
| 91.1 || 78.5 || 41.7
|-
| 93.4 || 84.0 || 47.3
|-
| 95.6 || 87.6 || 52.6
|-
| 101.2 || 92.9 || 66.5
|-
| 103.6 || 95.6 || 73.8
|-
| 106.7 || 97.7 || 83.6
|-
| 107.5 || 98.2 || 85.4
|-
|}
|}
{{Clear}}

== 谱图数据 == <!-- KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page -->

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | [[紫外-可见分光光度法|UV-Vis]]
|-
| λ<sub>max</sub>
| ? [[纳米|nm]]
|-
| [[摩尔消光系数|消光系数]], ε
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[红外|IR]]
|-
| 主要吸收峰<ref name="aist">{{Cite web |url=http://www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/SDBS/cgi-bin/cre_index.cgi |title=Spectral Database for Organic Compounds |publisher=Advanced Industrial Science and Technology |format=Queriable database |accessdate=7 June 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060505120103/http://www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/SDBS/cgi-bin/cre_index.cgi |archivedate=2006-05-05 }}</ref>
|
{|
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" | (liquid film)
|-
! Wave number !! transmittance
|-
| 3675&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 79%
|-
| 3544&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 81%
|-
| 3202&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 77%
|-
| 3164&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 60%
|-
| 3003&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 52%
|-
| 2944&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 52%
|-
| 2629&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 81%
|-
| 2410&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 81%
|-
| 2293&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 44%
|-
| 2254&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 4%
|-
| 1445&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 30%
|-
| 1378&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 25%
|-
| 1181&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 84%
|-
| 1040&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 43%
|-
| 918&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 47%
|-
| 750&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 70%
|}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[核磁共振波谱法|NMR]]
|-
|[[核磁共振氢谱|<sup>1</sup>H NMR]] <!-- Link to image of spectrum -->
| &nbsp;
|-
| [[13碳核磁共振|<sup>13</sup>C NMR]]] <!-- Link to image of spectrum -->
| &nbsp;
|-
|其它核磁共振数据
| &nbsp;
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[质谱法|MS]]
|-
| Masses of <br>主要碎片质量
| &nbsp; <!-- Give list of major fragments -->
|-
|}

==化学反应方程式==
{| class="wikitable"
! 反应物 !! 反应方程式 !! 反应条件
|-
| colspan = 3 | <center>'''作为配体'''</center>
|-
| [[氧化亚铜]]、[[六氟磷酸]] || Cu<sub>2</sub>O + 2 HPF<sub>6</sub> + 8 CH<sub>3</sub>CN → 2 [Cu(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)<sub>4</sub>]PF<sub>6</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O ||
|-
| [[镍]]、[[氟硼酸亚硝酰]] || Ni  +  6 CH<sub>3</sub>CN  +  2 NOBF<sub>4</sub>   →   [Ni(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)<sub>6</sub>](BF<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>  +  2 NO ||
|}

==化学品安全技术说明书==

*[[乙腈]]的安全技术说明书（MSDS）可以参见[http://www.somsds.com/detail.asp?id=728322732 此页面]{{Wayback|url=http://www.somsds.com/detail.asp?id=728322732 |date=20170721042919 }}。
==参考文献==
<references/>
* {{Cite web|url=http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/|title=NIST Standard Reference Database|accessdate=15 May 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523013553/http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/|archivedate=2007-05-23|deadurl=no}}
[[Category:化学性质表]]