查看“︁乙胺硝酸鹽”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
|ImageFileL1=Ethylammonium nitrate.png|ImageNameL1=Partially condensed, skeletal formula of ethylammonium nitrate with some explicit hydrogens added|ImageFileR1=Ethylammonium-nitrate-3D-balls.png|ImageNameR1=Ball and stick model of ethylammonium nitrate
|OtherNames=硝酸乙铵
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 22113-86-6
| PubChem = 6432248
| ChemSpiderID = 4937507
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| SMILES = CC[NH3+].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-]
| StdInChI = 1S/C2H7N.NO3/c1-2-3;2-1(3)4/h2-3H2,1H3;/q;-1/p+1
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| InChI = 1/C2H7N.NO3/c1-2-3;2-1(3)4/h2-3H2,1H3;/q;-1/p+1
| StdInChIKey = AHRQMWOXLCFNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-O
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| InChIKey = AHRQMWOXLCFNAV-IKLDFBCSAI
 }}|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Reference = <ref name=p1>[http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2007/0026295.html Ionic liquids & ionic liquid acids with high temperature stability for fuel cell and other high temperature applications, method of making and cell employing same] {{Wayback|url=http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2007/0026295.html |date=20191107181254 }}  United States Patent Application 20070026295, [http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=bVOZAAAAEBAJ&dq=Ionic+liquids+%26+ionic+liquid+acids+with+high+temperature+stability+for+fuel+cell+and+other+high+temperature+applications,+method+of+making+and+cell+employing+same Google patents link]</ref>
| Formula = {{Chem|C|2|NH|8|NO|3}}
| MolarMass = 108.0965
| Density = 1.261 g/ml
| Appearance = 無色液體
| MeltingPt = {{convert|8|C|K}}<ref>{{cite journal|journal=J. Chem. Soc.|volume=0|issue=0|language=en|issn=0368-1769|date=1929|pages=1291–1298|doi=10.1039/JR9290001291|url=http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=JR9290001291|title=CLXVII.—The parachor and chemical constitution. Part XII. Fused metals and salts|accessdate=2021-07-05|author=Samuel Sugden, Henry Wilkins}}</ref><br>{{convert|13|C|K}}<ref name=Jean-Philippe>{{cite journal|journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry B|volume=111|issue=18|language=en|issn=1520-6106|date=2007-05|pages=4926–4937|doi=10.1021/jp067589u|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp067589u|title=Protic Ionic Liquids: Preparation, Characterization, and Proton Free Energy Level Representation †|accessdate=2021-07-05|author=Jean-Philippe Belieres, C. Austen Angell|archive-date=2019-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005235214/https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp067589u}}</ref>
| BoilingPt = {{convert|240|C|K}}<ref name=Jean-Philippe />
 }}|Section3={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| HeatCapacity = 206 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
 }}|Section4={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS = [https://www.carlroth.com/downloads/sdb/en/2/SDB_2035_GB_EN.pdf]
| MainHazards = 刺激性
| RPhrases = {{R36/37/38}}
| SPhrases = {{S24/25}} {{S37/39}}
 }}|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherCations=[[甲胺硝酸鹽]]
  }}}}
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div>

'''乙胺硝酸鹽'''或'''乙基硝酸銨'''<ref>Wagaman, Kerry L [http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6001197.html Liquid monopropellant] {{Wayback|url=http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6001197.html |date=20210711185044 }} United States Patent 6001197, Publication Date 12/14/1999</ref> (EAN) 是一种具有[[示性式]]<chem>[C2H5NH3]+NO3-</chem>[[盐 (化学)|的盐]]。它是一种无味、无色至微黄色的液体，其熔点为 12&nbsp;℃。 <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Room temperature ionic liquids and their mixtures—a review|last=Marsh|first=K.N.|last2=Boxall|first2=J.A.|journal=Fluid Phase Equilibria|doi=10.1016/j.fluid.2004.02.003|year=2004|volume=219|pages=93–98|last3=Lichtenthaler|first3=R.}}</ref>这种化合物的性質最早於1914年由{{link-en|保罗·瓦尔登|Paul Walden}}描述。 <ref>{{Cite journal|last=P. Walden|journal=Chem. Zentralbl.|year=1914|volume=85|pages=1800–1801}}</ref> <ref name="walden">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.mathnet.ru/links/49e0dd9effca3f2d9c2546eb068f68f3/im6491.pdf|title=Ueber die Molekulargrösse und elektrische Leitfähigkeit einiger geschmolzenen Salze|last=P. Walden|journal=Bull. Acad. Imper. Sci. St. Pétersbourg|year=1914|series=6|volume=8|pages=405–422}}
</ref>此化合物被认为是最早被發現的室温[[离子液体]]。 <ref name="r3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y8d9F7NG60cC&lpg=PR28&pg=PR27|page=xxvii|title=Ionic Liquids in Chemical Analysis|last=Mihkel Koel|publisher=CRC Press|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4200-4646-5|access-date=2021-07-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182934/https://books.google.com/books?id=y8d9F7NG60cC&lpg=PR28&pg=PR27}}</ref>

== 合成方式与性质 ==
乙基硝酸铵可以通过将[[硝酸乙酯]]与氨的醇溶液<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iAJheOVGKIwC&pg=PA56|page=56|title=Wohler's Outlines of Organic Chemistry|last=Rudolph Fittig|publisher=Read Books|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4097-9043-3|access-date=2021-07-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709201543/https://books.google.com/books?id=iAJheOVGKIwC&pg=PA56}}</ref>或通过[[乙胺]]与浓[[硝酸]]混合反应来制备。 <ref name="walden"/>它在 25 ℃时具有相对较低的[[粘度]]为 0.28[[泊 (單位)|泊]]和约 20 mS·cm <sup>-1</sup> 的高电导率&nbsp;。其沸点是240&nbsp;°C 并會在约 250℃ 时分解&nbsp;。 其密度在 20&nbsp;°C 为 1.261 克/厘米<sup>3</sup> 。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Safety Data Sheet|url=https://www.carlroth.com/downloads/sdb/en/2/SDB_2035_GB_EN.pdf|access-date=19 September 2016|publisher=Carlroth|archive-date=2016-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919233022/https://www.carlroth.com/downloads/sdb/en/2/SDB_2035_GB_EN.pdf}}</ref>

乙铵离子(<chem>[C2H5NH3]+</chem>)具有三个易于分离的质子，它们以四面体形式排列在中心氮原子周围，而硝酸根({{Chem|NO|3|-}})阴离子形狀是平面的。尽管存在结构差异， EAN 与水具有许多相同的性质，例如[[胶束]]形成模式、促進[[烃|碳氢化合物的]]聚集、气体溶解為负[[焓]]和負[[熵]]反應。与水类似地，EAN 可以形成三维[[氢键]]网络。 <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Thermodynamic properties of the ethylammonium nitrate + water system: [[Partial molar volume]]s, heat capacities, and expansivities|last=Allen|first=Martin|last2=Evans|first2=D. Fennell|journal=Journal of Solution Chemistry|issue=8|doi=10.1007/BF00649520|year=1985|volume=14|pages=549|last3=Lumry|first3=Rufus}}</ref>

== 应用 ==
乙基硝酸铵在[[电化学]]領域中可做為可導電的[[溶剂]]和蛋白质结晶剂。 <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ethylammonium nitrate: a protein crystallization reagent|last=Garlitz|first=Jennifer A.|last2=Summers|first2=Catherine A.|journal=Acta Crystallographica D|issue=12|doi=10.1107/S0907444999011774|year=1999|volume=55|pages=2037–8|pmid=10666583|last3=Flowers|first3=Robert A.|last4=Borgstahl|first4=Gloria E. O.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=psRyn7lzGDcC&pg=PA441|page=441|title=Chemistry at extreme conditions|last=M. Riad Manaa|publisher=Elsevier|year=2005|isbn=0-444-51766-9|access-date=2021-07-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190716/https://books.google.com/books?id=psRyn7lzGDcC&pg=PA441}}</ref>[[变性 (生物化学)|对变性]][[溶菌酶]]的恢復活性有正向作用，恢復活性的比率可达90%左右。重折叠作用解释如下：乙基硝酸铵的乙基与蛋白质的疏水部分相互作用，从而保护其免受分子间缔合，而 EAN 的带电部分可稳定静电荷相互作用。 <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fTluML2hLRsC&pg=PA247|page=247|title=Molecular diagnosis of infectious diseases|last=Jochen Decker, Udo Reischl|publisher=Humana Press|year=2004|isbn=1-58829-221-5|access-date=2021-07-05|archive-date=2021-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804071912/https://books.google.com/books?id=fTluML2hLRsC&pg=PA247}}</ref>

== 参考資料 ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:离子液体]]
[[Category:有机物硝酸盐]]
[[Category:有机铵化合物]]

[[Category:没有UNII来源的条目]]
[[Category:没有KEGG来源的条目]]
[[Category:没有EBI来源的条目]]
[[Category:1910年代发现的物质]]