查看“︁中性流”︁的源代码

'''中性流'''（Neutral current）<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lamost.org/astrodict/dict_downloadgo.php|publisher=中国天文学名词审定委员会|title=天文學名詞|author=|language=zh-cn|date=|accessdate=2016-03-03|archive-date=2016-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009151214/http://www.lamost.org/astrodict/dict_downloadgo.php|dead-url=no}}</ref>是[[次原子粒子]]相互作用現象之一，這些相互作用由[[Z玻色子]]所引發。弱中性流的發現是[[弱力]]與[[電磁力]]（[[弱電理論]]）統一的重要關鍵，並導致[[W及Z玻色子]]最終被發現。

1973年，[[阿卜杜勒·薩拉姆]]、[[謝爾登·格拉肖]]以及[[史蒂文·溫伯格]]預測中性流存在<ref>
{{cite book
 |author=S. Bais
 |year=2005
 |title=The Equations: Icons of knowledge
 |page=84
 |publisher=
 |isbn=0-674-01967-9
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979|url=http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1979|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|accessdate=2008-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803075503/http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1979/|archive-date=2004-08-03|dead-url=yes}}</ref>，隨後[[加爾加梅勒]]的[[氣泡室]]實驗觀察到中性流作用。
==定義==
會被叫做中性流是因為[[Z玻色子]]是不帶電荷的，且此交互作用也不造成電荷的改變。例如： {{SubatomicParticle|Electron neutrino}}{{SubatomicParticle|Electron}} → {{SubatomicParticle|Electron neutrino}}{{SubatomicParticle|Electron}}散射

:<math>\mathfrak{M}^{\mathrm{NC}} \propto J_{\mu}^{\mathrm{(NC)}}(\nu_{\mathrm{e}}) \; J^{\mathrm{(NC)}\mu}(\mathrm{e^{-}})</math>
其中，描述[[微中子]]和[[電子]]的中性流為

:<math>J^{\mathrm{(NC)}\mu}(f) = \bar{u}_{f}\gamma^{\mu}\frac{1}{2}\left(g^{f}_{V}-g^{f}_{A}\gamma^{5}\right)u_{f},</math>，其中，<math>g^{f}_{V}</math>、 <math>g^{f}_{A}</math>是[[費米子]]<math>f</math>[[向量]]和[[軸向量]]的耦合。

除了[[膠子]]和[[光子]]，[[Z玻色子]]可以耦合所有[[標準模型]]的[[粒子]]。

==參考資料==
<references/>
== 外部連結 ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200625183702/http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Particles/neucur.html R Nave]
* https://web.archive.org/web/20120121101618/http://www.actaphys.uj.edu.pl/vol37/pdf/v37p2295.pdf
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200629153642/https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/breaking/2009/07/07/gargamelle] 
* [http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/27904 cerncourier]{{Wayback|url=http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/27904 |date=20111113004952 }}
* [http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/29168 ''THE DISCOVERY OF WEAK NEUTRAL CURRENTS'', CERN Courier]{{Wayback|url=http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/29168 |date=20110520115858 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110827031552/http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/Research/Gargamelle-en.html public web CERN]
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/410842/neutral-current-interaction britannica]{{Wayback|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/410842/neutral-current-interaction |date=20131029210926 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200625183702/http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Particles/neucur.html R Nave]
* https://web.archive.org/web/20120121101618/http://www.actaphys.uj.edu.pl/vol37/pdf/v37p2295.pdf
* https://web.archive.org/web/20200629153642/https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/breaking/2009/07/07/gargamelle
* [http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/27904 cerncourier]{{Wayback|url=http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/27904 |date=20111113004952 }}
* {{cite web|last=Padilla|first=Antonio (Tony)|title=Gargamelle and Neutral Currents|url=http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/neutral_currents.htm|work=Sixty Symbols|publisher=[[Brady Haran]] for the [[University of Nottingham]]|accessdate=2016-03-03|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203949/http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/neutral_currents.htm|dead-url=no}}

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[[Category:粒子物理學]]