查看“︁三溴化硼”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
|   Name = 三溴化硼
|   ImageFile = Boron-tribromide-3D-vdW.png
|   ImageSize = 200px
|   ImageName = 三溴化硼
|ImageFile1=BBr3.jpg
|   IUPACName = Boron tribromide
|   OtherNames = 溴化硼
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 16787736
| InChI = 1/BBr3/c2-1(3)4
| SMILES = BrB(Br)Br
| InChIKey = ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYAA
| InChI1 = 1/B.3BrH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
| InChIKey1 = LKBREHQHCVRNFR-DFZHHIFOAX
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/B.3BrH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = LKBREHQHCVRNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-K
| CASNo = 10294-33-4
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII =  A453DV9339
| PubChem = 25134
| RTECS = ED7400000
| EINECS = 233-657-9
| UNNumber = 2692
  }}
|Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = BBr<sub>3</sub>
|   MolarMass = 250.537
|Appearance=恶臭的无色液体<ref name="Merck"/>
|   Density = 2.64 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="Merck">{{Merck|801630|Name=|Abruf=2011-01-19}}</ref>
|   Solubility = 剧烈反应<ref name="Merck"/>
|   MeltingPtC = −46
|Melting_notes=<ref name="Merck"/>|Boiling_notes=<ref name="Merck"/>
|   BoilingPtC = 91 }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[三氟化硼]]、[[三氯化硼]]<br />[[三碘化硼]]
| OtherCations = [[三溴化铝]]}}
}}

'''三溴化硼'''（[[分子式]]：[[硼|B]][[溴|Br]]<sub>3</sub>）是一个[[无机化合物]]，室温下为无色液体，与空气中的水分反应发烟，生成[[硼酸]]和[[溴化氢]]。它可由[[三氧化二硼]]、[[碳]]和[[溴]]单质共热制得：反应中先生成单质[[硼]]，然后硼直接与溴反应化合。<ref>Vacwell Engineering Company v BHD Chemicals Ltd [1969] 1 A.C 191.</ref>

== 化学性质 ==
三溴化硼是强[[路易斯酸]]，常用于在[[药物]]生产中使[[醚]]类化合物脱去[[甲基]]或烷基。此外，也可作为[[烯烃]][[聚合反应]]和[[傅-克反应]]的酸性催化剂，以及作为[[掺杂剂]]，用在[[半导体]]工业中。<ref>[http://www.albemarle.com/TDS/Fine_chemistry_services/BC-0196_BORON_Tri-Bromide.pdf Boron Tribromide] {{Wayback|url=http://www.albemarle.com/TDS/Fine_chemistry_services/BC-0196_BORON_Tri-Bromide.pdf |date=20070927145551 }}, Albemarle Corporation</ref>

三溴化硼会和水剧烈反应，生成[[硼酸]]和[[氢溴酸]]：<ref>{{cite book | last=Zuckerman | first=J. J. | last2=Hagen | first2=A. P. | title=Inorganic reactions and methods. Volume 1, The formation of bonds to hydrogen (Part 1) | publisher=VCH | publication-place=Deerfield Beach, Fla. | date=1986 | isbn=978-0-470-14536-4 | oclc=181189697 |page=92}}</ref>
:<math>\mathrm{ BBr_3 + 3\ H_2O\ \rightleftharpoons \ B(OH)_3 + 3\ HBr}</math>

== 合成 ==
[[碳化硼]]与[[溴]]在300&nbsp;°C以上反应便会生成三溴化硼。产物可通过真空[[蒸馏]]纯化。

此外，三溴化硼也可以由溴和硼在700&nbsp;°C下直接反应或是[[三氟化硼]]和[[三溴化铝]]的卤素交换反应产生：<ref>{{cite book | last=Baudler | first=Marianne | title=Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie Bd. 2. / Unter Mitarb. von M. Baudler ... | publication-place=Stuttgart | date=1978 | isbn=978-3-432-87813-3 | oclc=310719490 | language=de|page=800}}</ref>
:<math>\mathrm{2 \ B + 3 \ Br_2 \longrightarrow 2 \ BBr_3}</math>
:<math>\mathrm{ BF_3 + AlBr_3\ \rightleftharpoons \ BBr_3 + AlF_3}</math>

== 历史 ==
三溴化硼首先由M. Poggiale在1846年制得，原料是三氧化二硼、碳和溴，条件为高温：<ref>{{cite journal
 | title = Bore - Sur un nouveau composé de brome et de bore, l'acide bromoborique et le bromoborate d'ammoniaque
 | author = M. Poggiale
 | journal = Comptes rendus hebdomadaires
 | volume = 22
 | issue = 
 | pages = 124–130
 | year = 1846
 | url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k29798/f128.table
 | doi = 
 | access-date = 2008-05-30
 | archive-date = 2011-06-07
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110607050250/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k29798/f128.table
 | dead-url = no
 }}</ref> 

:B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 3 C + 3 Br<sub>2</sub>  → 2 BBr<sub>3</sub> + 3 CO 

1857年，[[圣克莱尔·德维尔]]和[[弗里德里希·维勒]]对此法作了改进，改用无定形硼作原料，反应温度更低且不会生成[[一氧化碳]]：<ref>{{cite journal
 | title = Du bore
 | author = [[弗里德里希·维勒|F. Wöhler]], [[圣克莱尔·德维尔|H. E. S.-C. Deville]]
 | journal = Annales de chimie et de physique
 | volume = 52
 | issue = 
 | pages = 63–92
 | year = 1858
 | url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k347939/f62.table
 | doi = 
 | access-date = 2008-05-30
 | archive-date = 2019-11-10
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191110154850/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k347939/f62.table
 | dead-url = no
 }}</ref> 

:2 B + 3 Br<sub>2</sub> → 2 BBr<sub>3</sub>

== 参考资料 ==
<div class="references-small">
<references/>
</div>

== 外部链接 ==
* [http://www.google.de/patents?id=v3VTAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&dq=%22Boron+tribromide%22+%22boron+carbide%22 1962年三溴化硼生产专利]{{Wayback|url=http://www.google.de/patents?id=v3VTAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&dq=%22Boron+tribromide%22+%22boron+carbide%22 |date=20110606084427 }}


[[Category:溴化物]]
[[Category:卤化硼]]
[[Category:1840年代发现的物质]]
[[Category:酸催化剂]]