查看“︁三氯化磷”︁的源代码

{{expand|time=2008-06-19}}
{{Chembox
|   Name = 三氯化磷
|   ImageFile = Phosphorus-trichloride-2D-dimensions.png
<!-- | ImageSize = 150px -->
|   ImageName = 三氯化磷
|   ImageFile1 = Phosphorus-trichloride-3D-vdW.png
<!-- | ImageSize1 = 150px  -->
|   ImageName1 = 三氯化磷
|  ImageFile2 = Phosphorus_trichloride_25ml.jpg
|   IUPACName = Phosphorus trichloride
|   OtherNames = 氯化磷(III)
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 7719-12-2
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII = M97C0A6S8U
| EINECS = 231-749-3
| PubChem = 24387
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 22798
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 30334
| SMILES = ClP(Cl)Cl
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI=1S/Cl3P/c1-4(2)3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| RTECS = TH3675000
| UNNumber = 1809
  }}
|Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = PCl<sub>3</sub>
|   MolarMass = 137.333<ref name=" CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition "> {{Cite book |  date = 2016-06-24  |  title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition | accessdate = 2017-10-15 | pages = 4-78 | language = 英语 | ISBN = 1-4987-5428-7 | }} </ref>
|   Appearance = 无色液体<ref name=" CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition "/> 
|   Density = 1.574 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name=" CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition "/> 
|   Solvent = 其他溶剂
|   SolubleOther = [[水分子|水]]：[[水解]]<br />[[甲醇]]：[[分解反应|分解]]<br />[[乙醇]]：[[分解反应|分解]]<br />[[苯]]：可溶<br />[[氯仿]]：可溶<br />[[乙醚]]：可溶<ref name=" CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition "/> 
|   MeltingPt = -93.6&nbsp;°C (179.6 K)<ref name=" CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition "/> 
|   BoilingPt = 76.1&nbsp;°C (349.3 K)<ref name=" CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition "/> 
|   Dipole = 0.97 [[德拜|D]]
  }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
|   DeltaHf = −319.7 [[千焦|kJ]]/ [[摩尔 (单位)|mol]] （液）
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   ExternalMSDS =
|   MainHazards = 腐蚀性，有毒<br />放出HCl
|   FlashPt = 
|   RPhrases = {{R14}}-{{R26/28}}-{{R29}}-{{R35}}-{{R48/20}}
|   SPhrases = {{S26}}-{{S36/37/39}}-{{S45}}-{{S7/8}}
|   NFPA-H = 4 
|   NFPA-F = 0 
|   NFPA-R = 2 
|   NFPA-O = W
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   Function = 磷化合物
|   OtherFunctn = [[五氯化磷|PCl<sub>5</sub>]]<br />[[氯氧化磷|POCl<sub>3</sub>]]<br />[[四氯化二磷|P<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub>]]
  }}
}}

'''三氯化磷'''，分子式：{{磷}}{{氯}}{{Sub|3}}。一种无色透明液体，沸点76℃，在潮湿空气中能水解成[[亚磷酸]]和[[氯化氢]]，发生白烟而变质，须密封贮藏。反應式如下：<br />
: PCl<sub>3</sub> + 3H<sub>2</sub>O → H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub> + 3 HCl
==製備==
在工業上，三氯化磷由[[磷]]和[[氯氣]]的反應製備而成。爲了避免[[五氯化磷]]的生成，人們要移除剛製成的三氯化磷。
<chem>P4 + 6 Cl2 -> 4 PCl3</chem>

==反應==
===無機===
遇氧能生成[[三氯氧磷]]。<br />

:2PCl<sub>3</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2 POCl<sub>3</sub>

===有機===
遇[[乙醇]]和水起水解反应，<br />

在水存在下，可与[[甲醇]]反应生成[[亞磷酸二甲酯]]。<br />

反應分兩步進行：<br />
1.PCl<sub>3</sub> + 3H<sub>2</sub>O → H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub> + 3HCl <br />
2.H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub> + 2CH<sub>3</sub>OH → HOP(OCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O <br />

總反應為<br />

PCl<sub>3</sub> + 2CH<sub>3</sub>OH + H<sub>2</sub>O → HOP(OCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + 3HCl<br />

====取代反應====
三氯化磷跟[[羧酸]]反應生成[[酰氯]]，而後者是一種很重要的[[羧酸衍生物]]，可以用來製備[[酰胺]]等化合物。

同時，三氯化磷可以跟[[醇]]反應，生成[[鹵代烴]]和[[亞磷酸]]。例如[[丙-1-醇]]跟三氯化磷反應生成[[1-氯丙烷]]和[[亞磷酸]]。反應式如下:<br/>

<chem>3CH3CH2CH2OH + PCl3 -> 3CH3CH2CH2Cl + H3PO3</chem>

==参考文献==
{{reflist}}
{{无机磷化合物}}
{{氯化物}}
[[Category:氯化物]]
[[Category:卤化磷]]
[[Category:三价磷化合物]]
[[Category:磷-氯化合物]]
[[Category:有机化学试剂]]
[[Category:监控化学品]]