查看“︁三氮烯”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| ImageFileL1 = Triazene.svg
| ImageSizeL1 = 130
| ImageAltL1 = Structural formula of triazene
| ImageFileR1 = Triazene 3D spacefill.png
| ImageSizeR1 = 120
| ImageAltR1 = Space-filling model of the triazene molecule
| IUPACName = Triazene
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo1 = 15056-34-5
| CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo2 = 58729-78-5
| CASNo2_Comment = R
| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CASNo3 = 58729-78-6
| CASNo3_Comment = S
| CASNo3_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| PubChem = 115034
| ChemSpiderID = 102956
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 35468
| Gmelin = 49028
| UNII = H68LD449DN
| SMILES = NN=N
| StdInChI = 1S/H3N3/c1-3-2/h(H3,1,2)
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = AYNNSCRYTDRFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| H=3 | N=3 
  }}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 4
| NFPA-R = 4
  }}
|Section9={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[三膦]]
| OtherCations =
| OtherFunction_label = 
| OtherFunction = [[氨]]<br>[[联氨]]<br>[[三氮烷]]
| OtherCompounds = [[二氮烯]]<br>[[四氮烯]]
  }}
}}

'''三氮烯'''（{{lang-en|Triazene}}），是一种[[不饱和]]无机化合物，化学式为N<sub>3</sub>H<sub>3</sub>。其结构中含有一个[[双键]]，是继[[二氮烯]]之后的第二种简单氮烯。

==制备==
三氮烯可以由[[肼]]受脉冲辐射分解得到<ref name="Reinhard Haubold">{{Literatur| Autor=Reinhard Haubold, Claudia Heinrich-Sterzel, Ulrike Ohms-Bredeman, Carol Strametz | Titel=N Nitrogen  | Verlag=Springer Science & Business Media | ISBN=978-3-662-06336-1 | Jahr=2013 | Online={{Google Buch | BuchID=JWnwCAAAQBAJ | Seite=159 }} | Seiten=159 }}</ref>：
:<math>\mathrm{2 \ N_2H_4 \longrightarrow N_4H_6 \longrightarrow NH_3 + N_3H_3}</math>
用电子束激发固态NH<sub>3</sub>或者固态NH<sub>3</sub>-N<sub>2</sub>混合物使其[[升华]]，在升华气相产物中可以检测到三氮烯以及其[[同分异构体]]三亚胺（HNHNNH）的存在<ref>Forstel, Tsegaw, Maksyutenko, Mebel, Sander, & Kaiser. "On the formation of N<sub>3</sub>H<sub>3</sub> isomers in irradiated ammonia bearing ices: Triazene (H<sub>2</sub>NNNH) or Triimide (HNHNNH)", ''ChemPhysChem'', 2016, 17, 2726.</ref>。
==性质==
三氮烯是一种不稳定的化合物，容易分解成氨和氮气。室温下在水中分解半衰期约在0.01s（酸性环境）至100s（弱碱环境）之间。三氮烯含有N=N双键，使得其存在[[顺反异构|顺反异构体]]。根据计算，三氮烯以反式三氮烯的形式存在，因为在热力学上，反式三氮烯的能量比顺式三氮烯低几kJ/mol，但反式三氮烯的分解涉及异构化变成顺式三氮烯中间体的过程<ref name="Michaela Krieger-Hauwede, Jen-Hui Chang">{{Literatur| Autor=Michaela Krieger-Hauwede, Jen-Hui Chang | Titel=Grundlagen und Hauptgruppenelemente Band 1: Grundlagen und Hauptgruppenelemente | Verlag=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG | ISBN=978-3-11-049585-0 | Jahr=2016 | Online={{Google Buch | BuchID=dgLcDQAAQBAJ | Seite=785 }} | Seiten=785 }}</ref>。

==衍生物==
{{main|三氮烯类化合物}}
含有R<sup>1</sup>−N=N−NR<sup>2</sup>R<sup>3</sup>[[官能团]]结构的化合物被称为三氮烯类化合物<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Suleymanov |first=Abdusalom A. |last2=Severin |first2=Kay |date=2021-03-22 |title=Vinyl and Alkynyl Triazenes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202011031 |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |language=en |volume=60 |issue=13 |pages=6879–6889 |doi=10.1002/anie.202011031 |issn=1433-7851 |access-date=2024-07-26 |archive-date=2023-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812153636/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202011031 |dead-url=no }}</ref>，这类化合物在一些抗癌药物和染料有相关运用<ref>{{Ullmann|first=Horst|last=Berneth|title=Methine Dyes and Pigments|year=2008|doi= 10.1002/14356007.a16_487.pub2}}</ref>。

==参考文献==
{{Reflist}}

==外部链接==
*三氮烯的[[IUPAC]]定义 [https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/T06498 definition]

{{无机氮化合物}}

[[Category:氮氢化物]]