查看“︁三氟化镎”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
<!-- Images -->
| ImageFile = Kristallstruktur Lanthanfluorid.png
| ImageFile2 =
| ImageCaption = 
<!-- Names -->
| IUPACName = Neptunium(III) fluoride
| OtherNames = 氟化镎(III)
<!-- Sections -->
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 16852-37-2
| PubChem = 101946364
| PubChem_Comment=电荷不对
| SMILES = F[Np](F)F
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/Np.3FH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
| StdInChIKey =ZBOLUSKWQLLYDC-UHFFFAOYSA-K
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID =
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = NpF<sub>3</sub> 
| MolarMass = 294 g/mol
| Appearance = 紫色固体<ref name=r1/>
| Density = 
| Solubility = 
| MeltingPt = 
| MeltingPt_notes = 
| MeltingPt_ref = 
  }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = [[三方晶系]], [[Pearson symbol|hP8]]<ref name=r1/>
| SpaceGroup = P6<sub>3</sub>/mmc, No. 194<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1107/S0365110X49001016|title=Crystal chemical studies of the 5f-series of elements. XII. New compounds representing known structure types|journal=Acta Crystallographica|volume=2|issue=6|pages=388–390|year=1949|last1=Zachariasen|first1=W. H.|doi-access=free}}</ref>
| LattConst_a = 0.7129 nm
| LattConst_c = 0.7288 nm
| UnitCellFormulas = 6
| UnitCellVolume =0.32077 nm<sup>3</sup>
 }}
|Section5={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −1529 ± 8 kJ/mol<ref name=r1>
{{cite book
| title = The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements | url = https://archive.org/details/chemistryactinid00katz |doi=10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_9
| editor1-last = Morss|editor2-first = Norman M.
| editor2-last = Edelstein
| editor3-last = Fuger|editor3-first = Jean
| last = Haire|first = Richard G.
| publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media]]
| year = 2006
| isbn = 1-4020-3555-1
| location = Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| edition = 3rd
|pages= [https://archive.org/details/chemistryactinid00katz/page/730 730]–736|chapter=Neptunium }}</ref>
| Entropy = 131 ± 3 J/mol·K<ref name=r1/>
| DeltaGf = -1461 ± 8 kJ/mol<ref name=r1/>
| HeatCapacity = 94 ± 3 J/mol·K<ref name=r1/>
}}
}}

'''三氟化镎''' ，又称'''氟化镎(III)''' 是一种 [[无机化合物]]，由[[镎]]和[[氟]]组成，[[化学式]] NpF<sub>3</sub>。

==制备==
三氟化镎可以由[[二氧化镎]]在 500 °C下和[[氢气]]与[[氢氟酸]] 化合而成：<ref name=r1/>

:<math>\mathrm{2\ NpO_2\ +\ H_2\ +\ 6\ HF\ \longrightarrow \ 2\ NpF_3\ +\ 4\ H_2O}</math>

== 性质==
=== 物理性质 ===
三氟化镎是一种紫色固体，熔点 1425&nbsp;°C。它是[[氟化镧]]结构的，[[晶格参数]]''a''&nbsp;=&nbsp;712.9&nbsp;[[皮米|pm]] 和''c''&nbsp;=&nbsp;728.8&nbsp;pm.<ref name="Gmelin" /> 

=== 化学性质 ===
三氟化镎在 500&nbsp;°C 仍可被氟气继续氟化成挥发性的[[六氟化镎]] (NpF<sub>6</sub>)。<ref name="NPF6_PREPARATION">John G. Malm, Bernard Weinstock, E. Eugene Weaver: ''The Preparation and Properties of NpF<sub>6</sub>; a Comparison with PuF<sub>6</sub>'', in: ''[[The Journal of Physical Chemistry|J. Phys. Chem.]]'', '''1958''', ''62''&nbsp;(12), S.&nbsp;1506–1508 ([[doi:10.1021/j150570a009]]).</ref>

:<chem>2 NpF3 + 3 F2 -> 2 NpF6</chem>

三氟化镎在氧气和氟化氢的混合物中被氟化成[[四氟化镎]]&nbsp;(NpF<sub>4</sub>)。<ref>Wissenschaft-Online-Lexika: ''Eintrag zu [http://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/chemie/neptuniumverbindungen/6220 „Neptuniumverbindungen“] {{Wayback|url=http://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/chemie/neptuniumverbindungen/6220 |date=20150924142140 }} im Lexikon der Chemie,'' abgerufen am 7. April 2010.</ref>

:<chem>4 NpF3 + O2 + 4 HF -> 4 NpF4 + 2 H2O</chem>

它会和[[氧气]]&nbsp;(O<sub>2</sub>) 不寻常反应，形成四氟化镎和二氧化镎。<ref name="Gmelin">''[[Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie]]'', System Nr.&nbsp;71, Transurane, Teil&nbsp;C, S.&nbsp;101–104.</ref>

:<chem>4 NpF3 + O2 -> 3 NpF4 + NpO2</chem>

金属镎可以由[[钡]]或[[锂]]在 1200&nbsp;°C 下还原三氟化镎而成。

:<chem>2 NpF3 + 3 Ba -> 2 Np + 3 BaF2</chem>

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

{{镎化合物}}
{{氟化物}}

[[Category:镎化合物]]
[[Category:氟化物]]

{{inorganic-compound-stub}}