查看“︁三氟化镅”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| ImageFile=Kristallstruktur Lanthanfluorid.png
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct= [[六方晶系]]<ref name="Asp">L. B. Asprey, T. K. Keenan, F. H. Kruse: ''Crystal Structures of the Trifluorides, Trichlorides, Tribromides, and Triiodides of Americium and Curium'', in: ''[[Inorg. Chem.]]'', '''1965''', ''4''&nbsp;(7), S.&nbsp;985–986 ([[doi:10.1021/ic50029a013]]).</ref>
| SpaceGroup=P6<sub>3</sub>/mmc (No. 194)
| LattConst_a= 704.4 [[皮米|pm]]
|LattConst_c=722.5 pm
}}
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo=13708-80-0
| PubChem                   = 21493614
| ChemSpider                = 
| SMILES=[Am+3].[F-].[F-].[F-]
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Appearance= 粉红色晶体<ref name="Asp" /><br>浅粉色固体（水合）<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=61|issue=33|language=en|issn=0020-1669|date=2022-08-22|pages=12948–12953|doi=10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01596|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01596|title=Oxidizing Americium(III) with Sodium Bismuthate in Acidic Aqueous Solutions|accessdate=2022-12-05|author=Natalie T. Rice, Elodie Dalodière, Sara L. Adelman, Zachary R. Jones, Stosh A. Kozimor, Veronika Mocko, Harrison D. Root, Benjamin W. Stein|archive-date=2022-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205031647/https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01596|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|Am=1|F=3
| Density= 9.53 g·cm<sup>−3</sup><ref name="webelements">{{Cite web |url=http://www.webelements.com/compounds/americium/americium_trifluoride.html |title=Americium(III)-fluorid bei www.webelements.com. |access-date=2021-06-20 |archive-date=2022-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130230429/https://www.webelements.com/compounds/americium/americium_trifluoride.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| MeltingPt= 1393 °C<ref name="HOWI_1969">{{Holleman-Wiberg|Auflage=102 |Startseite=1969 |Endseite= }}</ref>
|BoilingPt=
|Solubility=
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherCpds=[[二氟化镅]]<br />[[四氟化镅]]
| OtherAnions=[[三氢化镅]]<br />[[三氯化镅]]<br />[[三溴化镅]]<br />[[三碘化镅]]
| OtherCations=[[三氟化钚]]<br />[[三氟化锔]]
}}
}}

'''三氟化镅'''是[[镅]]的一种[[氟化物]]，[[化学式]] AmF<sub>3</sub>。

== 制备==
三氟化镅可以由镅(III)的水溶液和氟化物在弱酸中反应而成。

:<chem>Am^3+(aq) + 3 F^- (aq) -> AmF3 (s) v</chem>

它也可以由[[氢氧化镅(III)]]在 600–750&nbsp;°C ，HF/O<sub>2</sub> 的 1:1混合气体中反应而成。<ref>Sherman Fried: ''The Preparation of Anhydrous Americium Compounds'', in: ''[[J. Am. Chem. Soc.]]'', '''1951''', ''73''&nbsp;(1), S.&nbsp;416–418 ([[doi:10.1021/ja01145a135]]).</ref>

:<chem>Am(OH)3 + 3 HF -> AmF3 + 3 H2O</chem>

== 性质==
三氟化镅是一种粉红色固体，熔点 1393&nbsp;°C。<ref name="HOWI_1969" />它是[[氟化镧]]结构的，[[晶格参数]] ''a''&nbsp;=&nbsp;704.4&nbsp;[[皮米|pm]] 和''c''&nbsp;=&nbsp;722.5&nbsp;pm。<ref name="Gmelin_C_102">''[[Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie]]'', System Nr.&nbsp;71, Transurane, Teil&nbsp;C, S.&nbsp;102.</ref> 每个镅原子都被九个氟原子包围，形成三侧锥三角柱。

== 反应==
金属镅可以通过三氟化镅被金属钡[[还原]]而成。<ref name="AM_METALL">Edgar F. Westrum, Jr., LeRoy Eyring: ''The Preparation and Some Properties of Americium Metal'', in: ''[[J. Am. Chem. Soc.]]'', '''1951''', ''73''&nbsp;(7), S.&nbsp;3396–3398 ([[doi:10.1021/ja01151a116]]).</ref><ref name="Gmelin_B1_57">''[[Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie]]'', System Nr.&nbsp;71, Transurane, Teil&nbsp;B&nbsp;1, S.&nbsp;57–67.</ref>

:<chem>2 AmF3 + 3 Ba -> 2 Am + 3 BaF2</chem>

== 参考资料==
{{reflist|2}}

== 扩展阅读==
* Wolfgang H. Runde, Wallace W. Schulz: [http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/Americium.pdf ''Americium''] {{Wayback|url=http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/Americium.pdf |date=20100717154306 }}, in: Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger (Hrsg.): ''The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements'', Springer, Dordrecht 2006; ISBN 1-4020-3555-1, S.&nbsp;1265–1395 ({{DOI|10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_8}}).
{{镅化合物}}
{{氟化物}}

[[Category:镅化合物]]
[[Category:氟化物]]
[[Category:锕系金属卤化物]]