查看“︁三氟化锔”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| ImageFile= Kristallstruktur Lanthanfluorid.png
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct= [[六方晶系]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Asprey |first=L. B. |last2=Keenan |first2=T. K. |last3=Kruse |first3=F. H. |title=Crystal Structures of the Trifluorides, Trichlorides, Tribromides, and Triiodides of Americium and Curium |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ic50029a013 |journal=Inorganic Chemistry |language=en |date=1965-07 |volume=4 |issue=7 |page=985-986 |doi=10.1021/ic50029a013 |issn=0020-1669 |access-date=2025-01-22 |archive-date=2023-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703103632/https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ic50029a013 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| SpaceGroup= P6<sub>3</sub>/mmc (No. 194)
| LattConst_a=699.9 [[皮米|pm]]
|LattConst_c= 717.9 pm
}}
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo= 13708-79-7
|PubChem=
|SMILES=[Cm+3].[F-].[F-].[F-]
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Appearance=无色固体<ref name="Morrs" />
| Cm=1|F=3
| MeltingPt= 1406 °C<ref name="Morrs" />
|BoilingPt=
|Density=
| Solubility=10 mg·l<sup>−1</sup><ref name="cunn" />
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
|OtherAnions=[[三氯化锔]]<br />[[三溴化锔]]<br />[[三碘化锔]]
|OtherCpds=[[四氟化锔]]
|OtherCations=[[三氟化镅]]<br />[[三氟化锫]]
}}
}}

'''三氟化锔'''是一种[[无机化合物]]，由[[锔]]和[[氟]]组成，化学式 CmF<sub>3</sub>。由于所有[[锔的同位素]]都是人造的，三氟化锔不存在于自然界。

== 制备==
三氟化锔可以由水溶液中的锔离子和氟化物在弱酸性条件下反应而成：

:<chem>Cm^3+ (aq) + 3 F^- (aq) -> CmF3 (s) v</chem>

它也可以由[[氢氧化锔(III)]]和[[氢氟酸]]反应而成。这些反应产生的三氟化锔都是[[水合物]]。无水物可以通过水合物被热的[[氟化氢]]或是[[五氧化二磷]] 干燥而成。<ref name="Morrs">{{Cite book |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_9 |title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements |last=Lumetta |first=Gregg J. |last2=Thompson |first2=Major C. |last3=Penneman |first3=Robert A. |last4=Eller |first4=P. Gary |date=2006 |publisher=Springer Netherlands |location=Dordrecht |isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5 |editor-last=Morss |editor-first=Lester R. |editor2-last=Edelstein |editor2-first=Norman M. |editor3-last=Fuger |editor3-first=Jean |pages=1397–1443 |language=en |chapter=Curium |doi=10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_9 |access-date=2025-01-22 |archive-date=2020-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609092007/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F1-4020-3598-5_9 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

== 性质==
三氟化锔是熔点 1406°C 的无色固体。它是[[氟化镧]]结构的，[[晶格参数]] ''a''=699.9[[皮米|pm]] 和''c''=717.9pm。<ref name="Gmelin">''[[Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie]]'', System Nr.&nbsp;71, Transurane, Teil&nbsp;C, S.&nbsp;102.</ref>它的[[标准摩尔生成焓]] Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup>0</sup> 为 -1660kJ/mol。<ref name="cunn">B. B. Cunningham: "Compounds of the Actinides", ''Preparative and Inorganic Reactions'', Vol. 3, New York 1966, S.&nbsp;79–121.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Burnett |first=J. L. |title=Melting points of CmF3 and AmF3 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022190266801586 |journal=Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry |date=1966-10-01 |volume=28 |issue=10 |page=2454–2456 |doi=10.1016/0022-1902(66)80158-6 |issn=0022-1902 |access-date=2025-01-22 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204145915/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022190266801586 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

== 反应==
金属锔可以由三氟化锔的[[还原]]产生。这需要在无水、无氧环境下用[[钡]]还原三氟化锔：<ref name="CM_METALL">{{Cite journal |last=Wallmann |first=J. C. |last2=Crane |first2=W. W. T. |last3=Cunningham |first3=B. B. |title=The Preparation and Some Properties of Curium Metal |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja01145a537 |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |language=en |date=1951-01 |volume=73 |issue=1 |page=493–494 |doi=10.1021/ja01145a537 |issn=0002-7863 |access-date=2025-01-22 |archive-date=2023-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109231543/https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja01145a537 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

:<chem>2 CmF3 + 3 Ba -> 2 Cm + 3 BaF2</chem>

== 扩展阅读==
* {{Cite book |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_9 |title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements |last=Lumetta |first=Gregg J. |last2=Thompson |first2=Major C. |last3=Penneman |first3=Robert A. |last4=Eller |first4=P. Gary |date=2006 |publisher=Springer Netherlands |location=Dordrecht |isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5 |editor-last=Morss |editor-first=Lester R. |editor2-last=Edelstein |editor2-first=Norman M. |editor3-last=Fuger |editor3-first=Jean |pages=1397–1443 |language=en |chapter=Curium |doi=10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_9 |access-date=2025-01-22 |archive-date=2020-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609092007/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F1-4020-3598-5_9 |dead-url=no }}

== 参考资料==
{{reflist}}
{{锔化合物}}
{{氟化物}}

[[Category:锔化合物]]
[[Category:氟化物]]
[[Category:锕系金属卤化物]]