查看“︁三原子氢”︁的源代码

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'''三原子氢'''（'''H<sub>3</sub>'''）是一种由三个[[氢]]原子构成的不稳定分子。

这种中性的分子可以在低压[[放电]]管中制备：<ref>{{cite journal | author = Binder, J.L.; Filby, E.A.;Grubb, A.C. | title = Triatomic Hydrogen | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume = 126 | pages = 11–12 | year = 1930 | doi = 10.1038/126011c0 | issue=3166}}</ref>

它很容易通过下列方式分解：

:<math> H_3 \quad \longrightarrow \quad H_3^+ \ + \ e^- </math> <ref>Helm H. et al.: [http://books.google.de/books?id=njAjmdxOH9oC&pg=PA275|Coupling of Bound States to Continuum States in Neutral Triatomic Hydrogen. in: ''Dissociative Recombination''] {{Wayback|url=http://books.google.de/books?id=njAjmdxOH9oC&pg=PA275%7CCoupling |date=20140407094533 }}, ed. S. Guberman, Kluwer Academic, Plenum Publishers, USA, 275-288 (2003) ISBN 0-306-47765-3</ref>

:<math>  H_3^+ \ + \ e^- \quad \longrightarrow \quad H_3^* \quad \longrightarrow \quad H \ + \ H_2</math>

:<math>  H_3^+ \ + \ e^- \quad \longrightarrow \quad H_3^* \quad \longrightarrow \quad H \ + \ H \ + \ H </math>

这种分子只能以激发态存在。这是一些[[激发态]]的例子：<ref name=couple>{{cite web|url=http://frhewww.physik.uni-freiburg.de/H3/guber4.pdf|title=Coupling of Bound States to Continuum States in Neutral Triatomic Hydrogen|publisher=Department of Molecular and Optical Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany|author=H. Helm, U. Galster, I. Mistrik, U. Müller, and R. Reichle|accessdate=2009-11-25|archive-date=2011-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617113507/http://frhewww.physik.uni-freiburg.de/H3/guber4.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 2sA<sub>1</sub>' 3sA<sub>1</sub>' 2pA<sub>2</sub>" 3dE' 3DE" 3dA<sub>1</sub>' 3pE' 3pA<sub>2</sub>"。2p<sup>2</sup>A<sub>2</sub>"激发态的寿命为700[[纳秒]]。如果分子失去能量并回到低能级，它将迅速自动分解能量最低的介稳态2sA<sub>1</sub>'能量为-3.777 eV，比H<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>和e<sup>-</sup>状态低，但是只能存在大约1[[皮秒]]。<ref name=couple/>

最稳定的状态可能是[[三氢阳离子]]获得一个[[离域]]电子。{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}

== 参考资料 ==
{{reflist}}

== 外部链接 ==
*C. H. Green: "[http://www.jstor.org/pss/54718 Rydberg states of Triatomic Hydrogen]"
*{{cite web|url=http://frhewww.physik.uni-freiburg.de/H3/|title=Triatom Hydrogen|publisher=Department of Molecular and Optical Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany|accessdate=2009-11-25|archive-date=2012-06-30|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630074128/http://frhewww.physik.uni-freiburg.de/H3/|dead-url=yes}}

[[Category:氢]]
[[Category:氢化合物]]
[[Category:同核三原子分子]]
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