查看“︁一氯化碘”︁的源代码

{{Redirect-distinguish|氯化碘|三氯化碘}}
{{Chembox
| Name = 一氯化碘
| ImageFile = Iodine monochloride.JPG
| ImageSize = 270px
| ImageName = 市售一氯化碘试剂 (25g)
| ImageFileL1 = Iodine-monochloride-2D.png
| ImageSizeL1 = 150px
| ImageNameL1 = 一氯化碘的分子結構
| ImageFileR1 = Iodine-monochloride-3D-vdW.png
| ImageSizeR1 = 150px
| ImageNameR1 = 一氯化碘的空間填充模型
| IUPACName = iodine(I) chloride
| OtherNames = 氯化碘
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| InChI1 = 1/ClI/c1-2
| InChIKey1 = QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYAO
| CASNo = 7790-99-0
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 24640
| ChemSpiderID = 23042
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| EINECS = 232-236-7
| UNNumber = 1792
| MeSHName = Iodine-monochloride
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/ClI/c1-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| SMILES = ClI
| InChI = 1S/ClI/c1-2
| InChIKey = QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N}}
|Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = ICl
| MolarMass = 162.35
| Appearance = 紅色至棕色液體
| Density = 3.10 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| SolubleOther = 在水中发生[[水解]]，溶于[[二硫化碳]]、[[乙酸]]、[[吡啶]]
| MeltingPt = 27°C (α形體)
| BoilingPt = 97.4°C (370.6 K)
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct =
| Dipole =
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/i2760.htm MSDS]
| MainHazards = 腐蝕性
| RPhrases =
| SPhrases =
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| Function =
| OtherFunctn =
  }}
}}

'''一氯化碘'''（分子式：[[碘|I]][[氯|Cl]]）是一种[[互鹵化物]]，為一種紅棕色的化合物，其熔點接近室溫。因為[[碘]]與[[氯]][[電負度]]的差異，一氯化碘的[[極性]]很高，可當作是I<sup>+</sup>的來源。它于1814年由[[盖-吕萨克]]发现，是首个被发现的互卤化物。<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw|page=790}}</ref>

== 制备 ==

製備一氯化碘的方式，是直接將兩種鹵素以1：1摩爾比化合：

: <math>\rm \ I_2 + Cl_2 \rightarrow  2 ICl </math>

當將氯氣通過碘晶體時，即可看見一氯化碘的棕色蒸氣形成，將之冷凝即可得深棕色的一氯化碘液體。過量的氯氣會將一氯化碘轉為[[三氯化碘]]，此為一可逆反應：

: <math>\rm \ ICl  +  Cl_2 \rightleftharpoons ICl_3</math>

== 多晶形體 ==

ICl具有兩種[[晶型]]：α-ICl呈黑色針狀結晶（透光則呈紅色），[[熔點]]為27.2°C；β-ICl呈黑色板狀結晶（透光呈紅棕色），熔點為 13.9°C。<ref name=Bris>Brisbois, R. G.; Wanke, R. A.; Stubbs, K. A.; Stick, R. V. “Iodine Monochloride” Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2004 John Wiley & Sons. DOI: 10.1002/047084289X.ri014</ref>

== 用途 ==

ICl在[[有機合成]]上用途很廣。<ref name=Bris/>其為一個[[親電試劑|親電性]]碘的來源，用於某些[[芳香族]]碘化物的合成。<ref>{{OrgSynth | author = Wallingford, V. H.; Krüger, P. A. | title = 5-Iodo-anthranilic Acid | collvol = 2 | collvolpages = 349 | year = 1943 | prep = cv2p0349}}</ref>ICl也可切斷碳－矽鍵結。<br />

ICl亦可對[[烯烴]]的[[雙鍵]]進行[[加成反應]]，產生氯碘代[[烷烴]]：

: <math>\rm \ RCH\!=\!CHR'  + ICl \rightarrow RCH(I)\!-\!CH(Cl)R'</math>

當此反應在[[疊氮化鈉]]的存在下進行，產生的則是碘代疊氮基烷RCH(I)-CH(N<sub>3</sub>)R'。<ref>{{OrgSynth | author = Padwa, A.; Blacklock, T.; Tremper, A. | title = 3-Phenyl-2H-Azirine-2-carboxaldehyde | collvol = 6 | collvolpages = 893 | prep = cv6p0893}}</ref>

== 参见 ==

* [[一氟化氯]]、[[一氯化溴]]、[[一溴化碘]]
* [[三氯化碘]]

== 參考資料 ==
{{Reflist}}
{{卤族元素互化物}}
{{碘化合物}}
{{氯化物}}

[[Category:氯化物]]
[[Category:互卤化物]]
[[Category:双原子分子]]
[[Category:碘化合物]]
[[Category:1810年代发现的物质]]