查看“︁一氧化锰”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| ImageFile = Manganese(II)-oxide-xtal-3D-SF.png
| ImageName = 一氧化锰的结构示意图
| ImageFile2 = Manganese(II) oxide sample.jpg
| ImageName2 = 一氧化锰样品，纯度为99.9%。
| IUPACName = Manganese(II) oxide
| IUPACNameZh = 氧化锰(II)
| OtherNames = 氧化亚锰<BR>[[国际颜料索引|C.I. 77726]]
|Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 1344-43-0
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 14940
| RTECS = OP0900000
 }}
|Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = MnO
| MolarMass = 70.9374
| Appearance = 绿色晶体
| Density = 5.37 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (23 °C)
| MeltingPt = 1785 °C<ref>Hay, R.; Howat, D. D.; White, James. Slag systems. ''Journal of the West of Scotland Iron and Steel Institute'', 1934. 41: 97-105. ISSN: 0083-825X.</ref>
| Solubility = 不溶
| RefractIndex = 2.16
 }}
|Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = [[石盐]] (立方晶系), [[Pearson符号|cF8]]
| SpaceGroup = Fm<u style="text-decoration:overline">3</u>m, No. 225
| Coordination = 八面体 (Mn<sup>2+</sup>)<BR>八面体 (O<sup>2–</sup>)
 }}
|Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| EUIndex = 未列出
| FlashPt = 不可燃
 }}
|Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[硫化锰]]<br/>[[硒化锰]]<BR>[[碲化锰]]
| OtherCations = [[一氧化铬]]<BR>[[氧化亚铁]]
 }}
}}
'''一氧化锰'''是锰的一种氧化物，化学式MnO，在自然界中以罕见的[[方锰矿]]的形式存在。<ref name="Patnaik">Pradyot Patnaik (2002) ''Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals'', McGraw-Hill Professional, ISBN 0070494398</ref>它在磁共振成像、电极材料制备等方面有着潜在应用。<ref>王涛, 周菊红. [http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=gzhg201621005 一氧化锰纳米材料的研究进展]. 广州化工, 2016, 44(21):10-12. {{DOI|10.3969/j.issn.1001-9677.2016.21.005}}</ref>

== 结构 ==
一氧化锰有着与[[氯化钠]]晶体相同的结构，其阴、阳离子都处于八面体的配位环境中，它有着非化学计量比的组成，可由MnO变化到MnO<sub>1.045</sub><ref name="Greenwood"/>。在118 K以下时，一氧化锰具有[[反铁磁性]]<ref name="Greenwood"/>，其{{le|磁结构|magnetic structure}}最初于1951年由中子衍射得到表征。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shull|first1=C. G.|last2=Strauser|first2=W. A.|last3=Wollan|first3=E. O.|title=Neutron Diffraction by Paramagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Substances|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_physical-review_1951-07-15_83_2/page/n85|journal=Physical Review|volume=83|issue=2|year=1951|pages=333–345|issn=0031-899X|doi=10.1103/PhysRev.83.333}}</ref>。其禁带宽度为4.02 eV，[[自旋磁矩]]为4.52 ''μ''<sub>B</sub>。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Franchini|first1=C.|last2=Bayer|first2=V.|last3=Podloucky|first3=R.|last4=Paier|first4=J.|last5=Kresse|first5=G.|title=Density functional theory study of MnO by a hybrid functional approach|journal=Physical Review B|volume=72|issue=4|year=2005|issn=1098-0121|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.72.045132}}</ref>

== 制备 ==
一氧化锰可由[[氢气]]还原锰的高价氧化物得到<ref name = "Greenwood">{{greenwood&Earnshaw}}</ref>，如：
:<math>\mathrm{MnO}_2 + \mathrm{H}_2 \longrightarrow \mathrm{MnO} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}</math>

工业上用[[氢气]]、[[一氧化碳]]或[[甲烷]]还原[[二氧化锰]]制得：<ref name = "Patnaik"/>
:<math>\mathrm{MnO}_2 + \mathrm{CO} \longrightarrow \mathrm{MnO} + \mathrm{CO}_2</math>

一氧化锰也可由[[碳酸锰]]的热分解制得：<ref>W.H. McCarroll (1994) ''Oxides- solid sate chemistry'', Encyclopedia of Inorganic chemistry Ed. R. Bruce King,  John Wiley & Sons ISBN 0-471-93620-0</ref>
:<math>\mathrm{MnCO}_3 \longrightarrow \mathrm{MnO} + \mathrm{CO}_2</math>

草酸锰的热分解根据产物的不同会生成一氧化锰、α-[[三氧化二锰]]或[[四氧化三锰]]，其中在真空中于500 °C分解可以得到一氧化锰。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ahmad|first1=Tokeer|last2=Ramanujachary|first2=Kandalam V.|last3=Lofland|first3=Samuel E.|last4=Ganguli|first4=Ashok K.|title=Nanorods of manganese oxalate: a single source precursor to different manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4)|journal=Journal of Materials Chemistry|volume=14|issue=23|year=2004|pages=3406|issn=0959-9428|doi=10.1039/b409010a}}</ref>

== 化学性质 ==
[[File:MnO + 30% HCl.webm|thumb|right|一氧化锰和30%盐酸反应，放出大量热，使反应液沸腾。]]

一氧化锰不溶于水<ref name="Patnaik"/>，是一种离子型的[[碱性氧化物]]，和酸反应得到相应的二价锰盐。<ref name="Greenwood"/>例如：<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sniekers|first1=Jeroen|last2=Malaquias|first2=João C.|last3=Van Meervelt|first3=Luc|last4=Fransaer|first4=Jan|last5=Binnemans|first5=Koen|title=Manganese-containing ionic liquids: synthesis, crystal structures and electrodeposition of manganese films and nanoparticles|journal=Dalton Transactions|volume=46|issue=8|year=2017|pages=2497–2509|issn=1477-9226|doi=10.1039/C6DT04781E}}</ref>
:<math>\mathrm{CF}_3\mathrm{SO}_3\mathrm{H} + \mathrm{MnO} \longrightarrow \mathrm{(CF}_3\mathrm{SO}_3\mathrm{)}_2\mathrm{Mn  +} \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}</math>

它在高温下和[[氢氧化钠]]反应，生成锰(III)酸钠并放出氢气：<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kreider|first1=Peter B.|last2=Funke|first2=Hans H.|last3=Cuche|first3=Kevin|last4=Schmidt|first4=Michael|last5=Steinfeld|first5=Aldo|last6=Weimer|first6=Alan W.|title=Manganese oxide based thermochemical hydrogen production cycle|journal=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy|volume=36|issue=12|year=2011|pages=7028–7037|issn=03603199|doi=10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.03.003}}</ref>
:<math>\mathrm{2 MnO} + \mathrm{2 NaOH} \longrightarrow \mathrm{NaMnO}_2 + \mathrm{H}_2 \uparrow</math>

它和氯化铁反应得到铁酸锰：<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Muroi|first1=M.|last2=Street|first2=R.|last3=McCormick|first3=P. G.|last4=Amighian|first4=J.|title=Magnetic properties of ultrafineMnFe2O4powders prepared by mechanochemical processing|journal=Physical Review B|volume=63|issue=18|year=2001|issn=0163-1829|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.63.184414}}</ref>
:<math>\mathrm{2 FeCl}_3 + \mathrm{4 MnO} \longrightarrow \mathrm{MnFe}_2\mathrm{O}_4 + \mathrm{3 MnCl}_2</math>
它和氧化钡、锰(III)酸钇于高温反应，可以得到具有层状钙钛矿结构的化合物YBaMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>；<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chapman|first1=Jon P.|last2=Attfield|first2=J. Paul|last3=Molgg|first3=Michele|last4=Friend|first4=Chris M.|last5=Beales|first5=Tim P.|title=A Ferrimagnetic Manganese Oxide with a Layered Perovskite Structure: YBaMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>|journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English|volume=35|issue=21|year=1996|pages=2482–2484|issn=0570-0833|doi=10.1002/anie.199624821}}</ref>和[[五氧化二钒]]或[[偏钒酸铵]]反应，得到具有{{le|钪钇石|Thortveitite}}结构的Mn<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Knowles|first1=Kevin M.|last2=Sil|first2=Anjan|last3=Stöger|first3=Berthold|last4=Weil|first4=Matthias|title=Crystal structure of the thortveitite-related M phase, (Mn<sub>x</sub>Zn<sub>1-x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (0.75<x<0.913)： a combined synchrotron powder and single-crystal X-ray study|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry|volume=74|issue=10|year=2018|pages=1079–1087|issn=2053-2296|doi=10.1107/S2053229618010458}}</ref>
它可以直接用作反应物来构建其它一些含锰材料，如(H<sub>2</sub>dmp)<sub>0.5</sub>Mn(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>)(C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Luan|first1=Lindong|last2=Zou|first2=Guohong|last3=Lin|first3=Zhien|last4=Cai|first4=Huaqiang|last5=Huang|first5=Hui|title=Solvent-free synthesis of metal phosphate-oxalates with layered and zeolitic structures|journal=Inorganic Chemistry Communications|volume=96|year=2018|pages=65–68|issn=13877003|doi=10.1016/j.inoche.2018.08.003}}</ref>、Na<sub>3</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>SbO<sub>6</sub>等。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Yadav|first1=Dileep Kumar|last2=Sethi|first2=Aanchal|last3=Shalu|first3=Shalu|last4=Uma|first4=S.|title=New series of honeycomb ordered oxides, Na<sub>3</sub>M<sub>2</sub>SbO<sub>6</sub> (M(II) = Mn, Fe, (Mn, Fe), (Mn, Co)): synthesis, structure and magnetic properties|journal=Dalton Transactions|volume=48|issue=24|year=2019|pages=8955–8965|issn=1477-9226|doi=10.1039/C9DT01194C}}</ref>

== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist|2}}

== 拓展阅读 ==
<small>
# {{cite journal|last1=Spear|first1=Frank S.|last2=Cheney|first2=John T.|title=A petrogenetic grid for pelitic schists in the system SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-FeO-MgO-K<sub>2</sub>O-H<sub>2</sub>O|journal=Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology|volume=101|issue=2|year=1989|pages=149–164|issn=0010-7999|doi=10.1007/BF00375302}}
# {{cite journal|last1=Wu|first1=Rongcheng|last2=Qu|first2=Jiuhui|last3=Chen|first3=Yongsheng|title=Magnetic powder MnO–Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite—a novel material for the removal of azo-dye from water|journal=Water Research|volume=39|issue=4|year=2005|pages=630–638|issn=00431354|doi=10.1016/j.watres.2004.11.005}}
# {{cite journal|last1=Dong|first1=Shun|last2=Tang|first2=Weikang|last3=Hu|first3=Peitao|last4=Zhao|first4=Xiaoguang|last5=Zhang|first5=Xinghong|last6=Han|first6=Jiecai|last7=Hu|first7=Ping|title=Achieving Excellent Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Capabilities by Construction of MnO Nanorods on Porous Carbon Composites Derived from Natural Wood via a Simple Route|journal=ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering|volume=7|issue=13|year=2019|pages=11795–11805|issn=2168-0485|doi=10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02100}}
</small>

{{锰化合物}}
{{氧化物}}

[[Category:二价锰化合物]]
[[Category:氧化物]]
[[Category:锰-氧化合物]]