查看“︁一氧化钍”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Name = 一氧化钍
| ImageFile = 
| ImageSize =
| ImageName =
| IUPACName = Thorium monoxide<br>Thorium(II) oxide
| OtherNames = 
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 12035-93-7
| PubChem = 
| InChI = 
| SMILES = [Th]=O
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = ThO
| MolarMass = 248.04&nbsp;g·mol<sup>−1</sup>
| Appearance = 黑色固体<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first= Wolfgang |last= Stoll |encyclopedia= [[Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry]] |publisher= Wiley-VCH  |location= Weinheim |chapter= Thorium and Thorium Compounds |year= 2011 |doi= 10.1002/14356007.a27_001 |isbn= 978-3527306732 }}</ref>
| Odor = 
| Density = 
| Solubility = 
| SolubleOther = 
| MeltingPtC = 
| BoilingPtC = 
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = [[面心立方晶系]]
| LattConst_a = 4.31&nbsp;Å
| LattConst_ref = <ref name=Hoch1954/>
  }}
}}

'''一氧化钍''' （又称'''氧化钍(II) '''），是一种[[钍]]的[[二元化合物|二元]][[氧化物]]，化学式 ThO。这个[[二元化合物]]的[[共价键]]的[[极性]]很大。 已经计算出两个原子之间的有效电场为每厘米约80吉伏，这是已知的最大内部有效电场之一。<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Skripnikov|first=L. V.|date=2016-12-07|title=Combined 4-component and relativistic pseudopotential study of ThO for the electron electric dipole moment search|journal=The Journal of Chemical Physics|language=en|volume=145|issue=21|pages=214301|doi=10.1063/1.4968229|pmid=28799403|issn=0021-9606|arxiv=1610.00994}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Denis|first=Malika|last2=Fleig|first2=Timo|date=2016-12-07|title=In search of discrete symmetry violations beyond the standard model: Thorium monoxide reloaded|journal=The Journal of Chemical Physics|language=en|volume=145|issue=21|pages=214307|doi=10.1063/1.4968597|pmid=28799357|issn=0021-9606}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Skripnikov|first=L. V.|last2=Petrov|first2=A. N.|last3=Titov|first3=A. V.|date=2013-12-14|title=Communication: Theoretical study of ThO for the electron electric dipole moment search|journal=The Journal of Chemical Physics|language=en|volume=139|issue=22|pages=221103|doi=10.1063/1.4843955|pmid=24329049|issn=0021-9606|arxiv=1308.0414}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electronedm.org/|title=The ACME EDM Experiment|website=electronedm.org|accessdate=2018-08-16|archive-date=2022-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121131047/http://electronedm.org/}}</ref>

空气中钍的简单[[燃烧]]会产生[[二氧化钍]]。 但是，在[[氧气]]存在下{{le|激光烧蚀|Laser ablation}}会生成一氧化钍。<ref>{{cite journal| title =The pure rotational spectrum of the actinide-containing compound thorium monoxide | doi = 10.1039/B709343H| date =2007| last1 =Dewberry| first1 =Christopher T.| last2 =Etchison| first2 =Kerry C.| last3 =Cooke| first3 =Stephen A.| journal =Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics| volume =9| issue =35| pages =4895–4897| pmid =17912418 |bibcode=2007PCCP....9.4895D}}</ref> 另外，在中等温度下将钍薄膜暴露于低压氧气会在更稳定的[[二氧化钍]]涂层下形成快速生长的一氧化钍层。<ref>{{cite journal |first1= Heming |last1= He |first2= Jaroslaw |last2= Majewski |first3= David D. |last3= Allred |first4= Peng |last4= Wang |first5= Xiaodong |last5= Wen |first6= Kirk D. |last6= Rector |title= Formation of solid thorium monoxide at near-ambient conditions as observed by neutron reflectometry and interpreted by screened hybrid functional calculations |journal= Journal of Nuclear Materials |volume= 487 |year= 2017 |pages= 288–296 |doi= 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.12.046 |doi-access= free |bibcode= 2017JNuM..487..288H }}</ref>

在极度高温（{{convert|1850|K|°C °F}}）的情况下，[[二氧化钍]]可以和液态[[钍]]发生[[归中反应]]，生成一氧化钍；甚至[[二氧化钍]]会在超过 {{convert|2500|K|°C °F}} 的情况下直接分解，生成一氧化钍和氧气。<ref name=Hoch1954 >{{cite journal |title= The Reaction Occurring on Thoriated Cathodes |first1= Michael |last1= Hoch |first2= Herrick L. |last2= Johnston |journal= J. Am. Chem. Soc. |year= 1954 |volume= 76 |issue= 19 |pages= 4833–4835 |doi= 10.1021/ja01648a018 }}</ref>
:<chem>ThO2 + Th(l) <=> 2 ThO(s)</chem>
:<chem>ThO2 -> ThO(s) + 1/2 O2</chem>

== 参考资料 ==
{{reflist}}

{{钍化合物}}
{{氧化物}}

[[Category:氧化物]]
[[Category:钍化合物]]