查看“︁一氟三氯甲烷”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Name = 一氟三氯甲烷
| ImageFileL1 = Trichlorofluoromethane-2D.svg
| ImageSizeL1 = 
| ImageFileR1 = Trichlorofluoromethane-3D-vdW.png
| ImageSizeR1 = 
| IUPACName = Trichlorofluoromethane
| OtherNames = 氟三氯甲烷<br />三氯氟甲烷<br />三氯一氟甲烷<br />氟利11<br />氟里昂11<br />CFC-11<br />R-11
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 6149
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 348290
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/CCl3F/c2-1(3,4)5
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| SMILES1 = ClC(Cl)(Cl)F
| CASNo = 75-69-4
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| EINECS = 200-892-3
| PubChem = 6389
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 48236
| SMILES = C(F)(Cl)(Cl)Cl
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 990TYB331R
| InChI = 1/CCl3F/c2-1(3,4)5
| RTECS = TB6125000
  }}
|Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = CCl<sub>3</sub>F
|   MolarMass = 137.37
|   Appearance = 无色液体，有类似[[醚]]气味<ref name="BGIA GESTIS">{{GESTIS|Name=Trichlorfluormethan|ZVG=30930|CAS=75-69-4|Datum=14.12.2007}}</ref>
|   Density = 1.494 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
|   MeltingPt = -110.48 °C
|   BoilingPt = 23.77 °C
|   Solubility = 1.1 g/l (20 °C)
|   LogP = 2.53
|   VaporPressure = 89 kPa (20 °C)<br/>131 kPa (30 °C)
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   ExternalMSDS = [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc00/icsc0047.htm ICSC 0047]
|   EUHazardSymbol = {{Chembox EUHazardSymbol|N}}
|   MainHazards = 消耗臭氧层
|   FlashPt = 不可燃
|   RPhrases = {{R59}}
|   SPhrases = {{S59}}
|   LD50 = 1743 mg/kg (小鼠腹腔注射)<ref>中国化工产品大全 上卷，Da023 一氟三氯甲烷，页161</ref>

  }}
}}

'''一氟三氯甲烷'''，又称'''[[氟利昂]]-11'''，分子式CFCl<sub>3</sub>。

==性质==
一氟三氯甲烷在低于23.7°C时为液体，呈无色，易挥发，微有[[醚]]的臭味。不可燃，但在高温下可分解产生有害物质。几乎不溶于水，溶于[[乙醇]]、[[乙醚]]和其他有机溶剂中。毒性比[[二氧化碳]]和[[氯代烃]]低，但有报道其浓度在10％以上时，可引起兴奋、痉挛，并最后陷入麻醉状态。

==制备==
由[[四氯化碳]]和[[氢氟酸]]在[[五氯化锑]]催化下进行反应再经分馏而得。
:<math>\ CCl_4+HF \ \xrightarrow [80^oC, 709.1kPa]{SbCl_5} \ CCl_3F+HCl</math>

==用途==
用作[[制冷剂]]、气雾剂、灭火剂、干洗剂和[[发泡剂]]等。对[[臭氧层]]有损耗作用，對臭氧的破壞比大多數的冷媒都要嚴重，[[臭氧破壞潛勢]]（ODP）定義為1.0。美國已在1995年停用一氟三氯甲烷。

==禁用==

在1987年[[蒙特利尔议定书]]中，一氟三氯甲烷被列入禁用名单。然而2018年人们注意到一氟三氯甲烷在大气中的浓度的下降比预期要慢。<ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/05/it-seems-someone-is-producing-a-banned-ozone-depleting-chemical-again/ |title=It seems someone is producing a banned ozone-depleting chemical again |last=Johnson |first=Scott |date=5 May 2018 |website=Ars Technica |publisher= |access-date=18 October 2018 |quote=Decline of CFC-11 has slowed in recent years, pointing to a renewed source |archive-date=2022-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417061311/https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/05/it-seems-someone-is-producing-a-banned-ozone-depleting-chemical-again/ }}</ref>有消息指中国仍将其广泛用于建筑工业作为聚氨酯泡沫保温的发泡剂。<ref>{{cite web |last1=McGrath |first1=Matt |title=China 'home foam' gas key to ozone mystery |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44738952 |website=BBC News |accessdate=9 July 2018 |date=9 July 2018 |archive-date=2022-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410095634/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44738952 }}</ref>
发表于2019年《自然》杂志的研究发现一氟三氯甲烷的排放集中在中国东部的[[山东省]]和[[河北省]]。<ref>{{cite journal|author=M. Rigby, S. Park, ..., D. Young|journal=Nature|year=2019|issue=269|page=546-550|title=Increase in CFC-11 emissions from eastern China based on atmospheric observations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1193-4|access-date=2019-05-31|archive-date=2022-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502170635/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1193-4}}</ref>

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

{{卤代甲烷}}

[[Category:氯氟烃]]
[[Category:卤代甲烷]]
[[Category:全卤化合物|甲]]
[[Category:三氯甲基化合物]]